Bardsey's Wildlife

Saturday 12 July 2014

The 11th was yet another gloriously sunny day, and saw temperatures rocket into the 20s in the absence of a breeze. Non-passerines of note seen during the day included a Grey Heron, 27 Common Scoters, three Dunlins, a Whimbrel, 22 Curlews, six Redshanks, three Common Sandpipers, and 12 Black-headed Gulls. Passerine migrants were thin on the ground, although a total of 16 Swifts and one Sand Martin headed south over the south end. A slight increase in wind strength and the arrival of drizzly rain on the 12th made for a change of scene. Nine Sand Martins flew south over Pen Cristin in the early hours, and there was a similar scattering of waders around The Narrows at high tide.

The daily censuses around the island continue to reveal large numbers of fledged young and juveniles, and it continues to prove as one of the best breeding seasons for almost every species on the island. Numbers of some of the commonest species yesterday were recorded as: 75 Meadow Pipits, 46 Rock Pipits, 27 Wheatears and over 100 Linnets.

Oystercatchers continue to pester anyone who ventures within about 100 metres of their progeny, even when their chicks are fully fledged! Daily counts of Oystercatchers are around 120 at the moment, although only 10 to 20 of these are juveniles

Auks such as these smart Puffins are feeding chicks at the moment

Razorbill

This very richly-coloured Little Owl belongs to the Pen Cristin pair, which have successfully reared one juvenile

The Whitethroats at Carreg Bach are busy rearing their second brood, and are finding plenty of food to satisfy demand

The Beautiful Carpet was discovered in Ty Capel mid-afternoon on the 11th, and is a new species for Bardsey. This is now the 17th species to be added to the Bardsey lepidoptera list this year

The two main species of tortrix that regularly turn up in the moth traps are Dark Fruit-tree Tortrix (Pandemis heparana-left) and Rose Tortrix (Archips rosana- right). This comparison shows the main differences between the two species, with P. heparana on the left, and A. rosana on the right. Note the shorter, fatter and more angular appearance of Rose Tortrix

It is shaping up to be a record year for Pyrausta despicata around the island's coast. Hundreds of moths have been seen within 100 metres transect lines, indicating the presence of thousands on the island. A minimum of 350 were seen on the South Tip alone yesterday afternoon

Moth-fly, Pericoma fuligilosa

This crazy-looking beast is a spider look-alike, but is in fact a member of the Harvestmen species. More specifically, it is Phalangium opilio, and is one of the most widespread species of harvestmen in the world. It occurs as a native species in Europe and Asia, but has been introduced into North America, North Africa and New Zealand

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Click to see inside!

Edited by Mike Archer, Mark Grantham, Peter Howlett and Steve Stansfield and published by T & AD Poyser, this fabulous book describes how much has changed since the first edition of Bird Observatories in Britain and Ireland was published in 1976. There are detailed accounts of the history and work carried out at each of the 18 observatories, with personal accounts by wardens and staff of the excitement of discovering a rarity, watching thousands of migrants attracted to a lighthouse after dark, and the pleasure and experiences that working at some of the country’s most remote and beautiful locations can bring. Click the picture of the book to see inside or to buy your copy.

Migrants

Being sited on the main migration route of many species, Bardsey (or Ynys Enlli in Welsh) is a well-known site for migrant birds, turning up many scarcities and rarities, as well as large numbers of common migrants. The island’s list now stands on 326, after the recent addition of Citrine Wagtail in October 2012.

Although Bardsey’s reputation for rare birds may not quite match that of some observatories, it is almost certainly the best site in Wales for rarities. Among Bardsey’s rarer visitors are the first Summer Tanager (1957) and Yellow Warbler (1964) to have been recorded in Britain and Ireland, as well as American vagrants such American Bittern, Sora, Kildeer, Spotted Sandpiper, Grey-cheeked Thrush, American Robin, Song Sparrow, Dark-eyed Junco, Red-eyed Vireo, Black-and-white Warbler, Common Yellowthroat, Rose-breasted Grosbeak and Blackpoll Warbler. To add to this impressive list of rarities, Black-winged Stilt, Lesser Yellowlegs, Lanceolated Warbler, River Warbler, Western Orphean Warbler, Booted Warbler, Blyth’s Reed Warbler, Eyebrowed Thrush, Thrush Nightingale, Red-flanked Bluetail, Isabelline Wheatear, Black-eared Wheatear, Collared Flycatcher, Blyth’s Pipit, Pine Bunting, Rock Bunting, Yellow-breasted Bunting and White-throated Sparrow have all been recorded.

Besides the rarities, Bardsey regularly attracts large numbers of weary migrants during 'fall' conditions in Spring and Autumn, largely a consequence of the fully operational Bardsey Lighthouse. In 2011, for example, a single grounding of migrants resulted in over 1000 Willow Warblers making groundfall on the island in August. In the not-so-distant past, a single attraction of 40,000 Redwings occurred in late October at the end of the last century.

Breeding birds

Bardsey is home to some 26, 000 pairs of Manx Shearwaters, which can be heard on dark nights from mid-March to August. They breed in their excavated burrows, which are scattered all over the island. Chough is the most important species of conservation concern, with between four to eight pairs nesting around the coastal cliffs most years, and a wintering flock of up to 50 individuals. A pair of Peregrines breed on the island, and a 1-2 pair of Ravens also nest most years. There are several species which nest only occasionally, such as Sparrowhawk and Little Owl, along with Afro-Palearctic migrants like Sedge Warbler, Blackcap, Chiffchaff and Willow Warbler. Up to ten pairs of Stonechats can nest in the isolated gorse patches around the island, along with many Linnets and Meadow Pipits. Corncrakes were once a common breeder on the island, although since 1970 there have been no confirmed pairs nesting. In recent years the likes of Lapwing, Yellowhammer, House Sparrow and Starling have also all become extinct as breeding species. In contrast, Shelduck, Puffin, Long-eared Owl, Grasshopper Warbler and Goldcrest have been added to the breeding bird list since 1998.

Ringing

Ringing is a very important part of the observatory’s role on the island. Since 1953, the observatory has ringed over 315,00 birds of 198 species. The highest number ringed in a single year was 1988, with a total of 11, 301 birds ringed of 93 species. There have been many days in the observatory’s history when several hundred birds have been ringed in one day; these occasions have mostly involved breeding seabirds, although these numbers can also easily occur with migrant species.

Lepidoptera

A total of 561 species of moths have been recorded on the island. Bardsey is not an overly good location for scarce moths, although the existence of Thrift Clearwings (Nationally scarce) has been established on the Thrift plants around the coast in recent years, after first being recorded in the years 1980 and 1996. Migrant moths arrive in small numbers every year, for example the annual arrival of Hummingbird Hawkmoths in the autumn; rarer immigrants in the past have included Death’s Head Hawkmoths, Vestals, Crimson Speckled and Red-necked Footman.

In recent years, a greater emphasis has been placed on recording and identifying the so-called ‘micro-moths’, which has resulted in the finding of 41 new species for Bardsey since 2011. In 2012, the coastal subspecies of Eana penziana (E.p.colquhounana) was re-found on the island, which was the first time that this Nationally Scarce species had been recorded on Bardsey since 1966. Apotomis semifasciana is also amongst the scarcer species of micro-moths to inhibit the island (also Nationally Scarce).

Butterflies are present on the island in small numbers, with species such as Common Blue, Small Copper and Small Tortoise-shell being the most common. A scarcer breeding species is the Grayling, which can be found in small numbers on the top of the mountain. Migrant butterflies such as Painted Lady can arrive in their hundreds, although other migrants such as Clouded Yellow and Dark-green Fritillary are quite rare.

Bardsey's Wildlife

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Saturday 12 July 2014

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