Bardsey's Wildlife

Monday, 16 October 2017

While the birds were somewhat interesting today, the main story was, of course, Storm Ophelia, the outer reaches of which swept through Bardsey during the afternoon. Winds reached at least 70mph, and the waves were extraordinary, with some at least 30 feet high. While the human residents escaped unharmed and were able to enjoy the spectacular effects of some truly extreme weather, it will of course have been a difficult day for a lot of Bardsey's wildlife. Over 40 Grey Seal pups have been born on the island this year, but the storm surge at high tide will have left very few of their coves unscathed, and unfortunately we fear that many, probably the majority, will have been washed away. A census will be carried out in the next few days to assess the impact of the storm. On the Narrows the affects on wildlife could be seen in the extreme, with Grey Seals and Purple Sandpipers leaving their usual rocky haunts to take shelter on the grass, the only safe place for them. We also lost Solfach Hide to the sea, and there was a small amount of damage to houses further north up the island (Cristin appears to have survived untouched), but thankfully this was the limit of the storms impact on Bardsey life for the people.

A sad scene indeed; Solfach minus the trusty Todd Chater Hide (Tom Grose)

spectacular waves crashing over Henllwyn, sadly also the most popular area for pupping Grey Seals

Perhaps due to the storm, a good day by Bardsey standards was had for Waders. The most unusual were two Ruffs over the West Coast, while five Lapwings were also seen. Eight Snipes included four in the Narrows and one in/off at the South End, while a flock of nine Whimbrels zipped over the South End during the peak of the storm. Otherwise, 25 Purple Sandpipers was the highest count of the autumn (three of which were dazzled and ringed in the evening), and other good counts were 54 Oystercatchers, 51 Curlews, 40 Turnstones and 11 Redshanks.

the products of an evening dazzling on the Narrows; one of three Purple Sandpipers and a Redshank
(Ephraim Perfect, Ephraim's Bird Blog)

The day had started out fairly calm, with, like much of the country, a very warm southerly blow and a reddish tinge to the sky caused by Saharan dust. This seemed to facilitate a small amount of migration early in the day, the highlights of which were a Hawfinch and a fairly late Tree Pipit passing overhead. Typical late autumn fare was represented by 95 Starlings and 31 Redwings, with a few other Thrushes seen, notably seven Song Thrushes, a new Mistle Thrush and the lingering Ring Ouzel from yesterday. Visible migration was barely perceptible, but two Skylarks and a Grey Wagtail passed overhead. Otherwise a small selection of grounded migrants were seen, including 32 Goldcrests and 23 Robins; four Blackcaps, three Chiffchaffs and a late Willow Warbler were the sum of Warbler action, and a Firecrest was a new arrival at Ty Capel. Seven Siskins, three Reed Buntings and a Greenfinch were the best of the rest of the new arrivals, and some ever present fare included a Great Spotted Woodpecker retrapped at Cristin, where singles of Blue and Great Tit remained. A single Merlin was also present on the West Coast.

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Click to see inside!

Edited by Mike Archer, Mark Grantham, Peter Howlett and Steve Stansfield and published by T & AD Poyser, this fabulous book describes how much has changed since the first edition of Bird Observatories in Britain and Ireland was published in 1976. There are detailed accounts of the history and work carried out at each of the 18 observatories, with personal accounts by wardens and staff of the excitement of discovering a rarity, watching thousands of migrants attracted to a lighthouse after dark, and the pleasure and experiences that working at some of the country’s most remote and beautiful locations can bring. Click the picture of the book to see inside or to buy your copy.

Migrants

Being sited on the main migration route of many species, Bardsey (or Ynys Enlli in Welsh) is a well-known site for migrant birds, turning up many scarcities and rarities, as well as large numbers of common migrants. The island’s list now stands on 326, after the recent addition of Citrine Wagtail in October 2012.

Although Bardsey’s reputation for rare birds may not quite match that of some observatories, it is almost certainly the best site in Wales for rarities. Among Bardsey’s rarer visitors are the first Summer Tanager (1957) and Yellow Warbler (1964) to have been recorded in Britain and Ireland, as well as American vagrants such American Bittern, Sora, Kildeer, Spotted Sandpiper, Grey-cheeked Thrush, American Robin, Song Sparrow, Dark-eyed Junco, Red-eyed Vireo, Black-and-white Warbler, Common Yellowthroat, Rose-breasted Grosbeak and Blackpoll Warbler. To add to this impressive list of rarities, Black-winged Stilt, Lesser Yellowlegs, Lanceolated Warbler, River Warbler, Western Orphean Warbler, Booted Warbler, Blyth’s Reed Warbler, Eyebrowed Thrush, Thrush Nightingale, Red-flanked Bluetail, Isabelline Wheatear, Black-eared Wheatear, Collared Flycatcher, Blyth’s Pipit, Pine Bunting, Rock Bunting, Yellow-breasted Bunting and White-throated Sparrow have all been recorded.

Besides the rarities, Bardsey regularly attracts large numbers of weary migrants during 'fall' conditions in Spring and Autumn, largely a consequence of the fully operational Bardsey Lighthouse. In 2011, for example, a single grounding of migrants resulted in over 1000 Willow Warblers making groundfall on the island in August. In the not-so-distant past, a single attraction of 40,000 Redwings occurred in late October at the end of the last century.

Breeding birds

Bardsey is home to some 26, 000 pairs of Manx Shearwaters, which can be heard on dark nights from mid-March to August. They breed in their excavated burrows, which are scattered all over the island. Chough is the most important species of conservation concern, with between four to eight pairs nesting around the coastal cliffs most years, and a wintering flock of up to 50 individuals. A pair of Peregrines breed on the island, and a 1-2 pair of Ravens also nest most years. There are several species which nest only occasionally, such as Sparrowhawk and Little Owl, along with Afro-Palearctic migrants like Sedge Warbler, Blackcap, Chiffchaff and Willow Warbler. Up to ten pairs of Stonechats can nest in the isolated gorse patches around the island, along with many Linnets and Meadow Pipits. Corncrakes were once a common breeder on the island, although since 1970 there have been no confirmed pairs nesting. In recent years the likes of Lapwing, Yellowhammer, House Sparrow and Starling have also all become extinct as breeding species. In contrast, Shelduck, Puffin, Long-eared Owl, Grasshopper Warbler and Goldcrest have been added to the breeding bird list since 1998.

Ringing

Ringing is a very important part of the observatory’s role on the island. Since 1953, the observatory has ringed over 315,00 birds of 198 species. The highest number ringed in a single year was 1988, with a total of 11, 301 birds ringed of 93 species. There have been many days in the observatory’s history when several hundred birds have been ringed in one day; these occasions have mostly involved breeding seabirds, although these numbers can also easily occur with migrant species.

Lepidoptera

A total of 561 species of moths have been recorded on the island. Bardsey is not an overly good location for scarce moths, although the existence of Thrift Clearwings (Nationally scarce) has been established on the Thrift plants around the coast in recent years, after first being recorded in the years 1980 and 1996. Migrant moths arrive in small numbers every year, for example the annual arrival of Hummingbird Hawkmoths in the autumn; rarer immigrants in the past have included Death’s Head Hawkmoths, Vestals, Crimson Speckled and Red-necked Footman.

In recent years, a greater emphasis has been placed on recording and identifying the so-called ‘micro-moths’, which has resulted in the finding of 41 new species for Bardsey since 2011. In 2012, the coastal subspecies of Eana penziana (E.p.colquhounana) was re-found on the island, which was the first time that this Nationally Scarce species had been recorded on Bardsey since 1966. Apotomis semifasciana is also amongst the scarcer species of micro-moths to inhibit the island (also Nationally Scarce).

Butterflies are present on the island in small numbers, with species such as Common Blue, Small Copper and Small Tortoise-shell being the most common. A scarcer breeding species is the Grayling, which can be found in small numbers on the top of the mountain. Migrant butterflies such as Painted Lady can arrive in their hundreds, although other migrants such as Clouded Yellow and Dark-green Fritillary are quite rare.

Bardsey's Wildlife

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Monday, 16 October 2017

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