Bardsey's Wildlife

Friday, 29 June 2018

It came as no surprise to us to find out that Porthmadog was the hottest spot in the UK yesterday, with temperatures reaching a balmy 32.6°C. We weren't far off here on Bardsey, with the thermometer tipping 30°C by mid-afternoon.

Today we said goodbye to Steve, Emma and Connor who have left the island for their holiday and to attend this year's AGM, handing over the reigns of the Observatory to Billy and Ephraim for the next couple of weeks. Our first challenge will be to see ourselves through the current drought that has struck the country. We've got to be extra careful here since we receive all our tap water from an aquifer high up on the mountain that is quickly being used up faster than it can be replenished. Tomorrow's oncoming guests have been instructed to bring on as much of their own drinking water as possible which will hopefully relief some pressure on the source, but now all we can do is keep our fingers crossed for a good drenching in the near future.

In the meantime, today's bird sightings included a Fulmar, 1700 Manx Shearwaters off the West Coast this evening, nine Gannets, a Grey Heron, the two unseasonal Lapwings, a Dunlin, five Curlews, three Whimbrels, two Common Sandpipers, a Sandwich Tern, two Swifts, three Wheatears, two Sedge Warblers, two Blackcaps, two Chiffchaffs, a Chaffinch, a Goldfinch and three Linnets.

We've enjoyed some fantastic invertebrate highlights during this heatwave. The latest from today in a series of Broad-bodied Chaser sightings (starting with the first island record less than a month ago) is that a female Broad-bodied Chaser was egg laying on Nant Pond! A Clay Triple-lines in the moth trap at Cristin and Hedya salicella at Ty Nessaf are both likely to be new island records.

Emptying a brimming moth trap during the summer can take over an hour. They're a highlight for many of the guests that stay with us. From top down: Crescent Dart, Grass Emerald, July Highflyer and Pempelia palumbella.

Razorbill chicks are quickly vacating their crevices in boulder fields around the East Side. They'll 'fledge' at less than 20 days old and, accompanied by a parent bird, continue to develop at sea. There's still a big variation in chick development at the moment, with many ready to make the jump into the sea whilst others have just hatched.

It might be leaving us in a bit of a sticky situation regarding our water supply, but we're certainly not complaining about the beautiful evening light that this spell of warm weather has been treating us to.

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Click to see inside!

Edited by Mike Archer, Mark Grantham, Peter Howlett and Steve Stansfield and published by T & AD Poyser, this fabulous book describes how much has changed since the first edition of Bird Observatories in Britain and Ireland was published in 1976. There are detailed accounts of the history and work carried out at each of the 18 observatories, with personal accounts by wardens and staff of the excitement of discovering a rarity, watching thousands of migrants attracted to a lighthouse after dark, and the pleasure and experiences that working at some of the country’s most remote and beautiful locations can bring. Click the picture of the book to see inside or to buy your copy.

Migrants

Being sited on the main migration route of many species, Bardsey (or Ynys Enlli in Welsh) is a well-known site for migrant birds, turning up many scarcities and rarities, as well as large numbers of common migrants. The island’s list now stands on 326, after the recent addition of Citrine Wagtail in October 2012.

Although Bardsey’s reputation for rare birds may not quite match that of some observatories, it is almost certainly the best site in Wales for rarities. Among Bardsey’s rarer visitors are the first Summer Tanager (1957) and Yellow Warbler (1964) to have been recorded in Britain and Ireland, as well as American vagrants such American Bittern, Sora, Kildeer, Spotted Sandpiper, Grey-cheeked Thrush, American Robin, Song Sparrow, Dark-eyed Junco, Red-eyed Vireo, Black-and-white Warbler, Common Yellowthroat, Rose-breasted Grosbeak and Blackpoll Warbler. To add to this impressive list of rarities, Black-winged Stilt, Lesser Yellowlegs, Lanceolated Warbler, River Warbler, Western Orphean Warbler, Booted Warbler, Blyth’s Reed Warbler, Eyebrowed Thrush, Thrush Nightingale, Red-flanked Bluetail, Isabelline Wheatear, Black-eared Wheatear, Collared Flycatcher, Blyth’s Pipit, Pine Bunting, Rock Bunting, Yellow-breasted Bunting and White-throated Sparrow have all been recorded.

Besides the rarities, Bardsey regularly attracts large numbers of weary migrants during 'fall' conditions in Spring and Autumn, largely a consequence of the fully operational Bardsey Lighthouse. In 2011, for example, a single grounding of migrants resulted in over 1000 Willow Warblers making groundfall on the island in August. In the not-so-distant past, a single attraction of 40,000 Redwings occurred in late October at the end of the last century.

Breeding birds

Bardsey is home to some 26, 000 pairs of Manx Shearwaters, which can be heard on dark nights from mid-March to August. They breed in their excavated burrows, which are scattered all over the island. Chough is the most important species of conservation concern, with between four to eight pairs nesting around the coastal cliffs most years, and a wintering flock of up to 50 individuals. A pair of Peregrines breed on the island, and a 1-2 pair of Ravens also nest most years. There are several species which nest only occasionally, such as Sparrowhawk and Little Owl, along with Afro-Palearctic migrants like Sedge Warbler, Blackcap, Chiffchaff and Willow Warbler. Up to ten pairs of Stonechats can nest in the isolated gorse patches around the island, along with many Linnets and Meadow Pipits. Corncrakes were once a common breeder on the island, although since 1970 there have been no confirmed pairs nesting. In recent years the likes of Lapwing, Yellowhammer, House Sparrow and Starling have also all become extinct as breeding species. In contrast, Shelduck, Puffin, Long-eared Owl, Grasshopper Warbler and Goldcrest have been added to the breeding bird list since 1998.

Ringing

Ringing is a very important part of the observatory’s role on the island. Since 1953, the observatory has ringed over 315,00 birds of 198 species. The highest number ringed in a single year was 1988, with a total of 11, 301 birds ringed of 93 species. There have been many days in the observatory’s history when several hundred birds have been ringed in one day; these occasions have mostly involved breeding seabirds, although these numbers can also easily occur with migrant species.

Lepidoptera

A total of 561 species of moths have been recorded on the island. Bardsey is not an overly good location for scarce moths, although the existence of Thrift Clearwings (Nationally scarce) has been established on the Thrift plants around the coast in recent years, after first being recorded in the years 1980 and 1996. Migrant moths arrive in small numbers every year, for example the annual arrival of Hummingbird Hawkmoths in the autumn; rarer immigrants in the past have included Death’s Head Hawkmoths, Vestals, Crimson Speckled and Red-necked Footman.

In recent years, a greater emphasis has been placed on recording and identifying the so-called ‘micro-moths’, which has resulted in the finding of 41 new species for Bardsey since 2011. In 2012, the coastal subspecies of Eana penziana (E.p.colquhounana) was re-found on the island, which was the first time that this Nationally Scarce species had been recorded on Bardsey since 1966. Apotomis semifasciana is also amongst the scarcer species of micro-moths to inhibit the island (also Nationally Scarce).

Butterflies are present on the island in small numbers, with species such as Common Blue, Small Copper and Small Tortoise-shell being the most common. A scarcer breeding species is the Grayling, which can be found in small numbers on the top of the mountain. Migrant butterflies such as Painted Lady can arrive in their hundreds, although other migrants such as Clouded Yellow and Dark-green Fritillary are quite rare.

Bardsey's Wildlife

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Friday, 29 June 2018

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