Bardsey's Wildlife

Sunday 20 June 2021

The weather first thing made the day feel almost autumnal; a coolish easterly breeze gave the feeling that something could appear on the island. Initial hopes for a late Greenish Warbler or another Rosy starling were dashed, and a wander around the garden at Cristin produced little other than the usual Chiffchaff, a juvenile Great Tit and the burgeoning flock of lost racing pigeons!

There was still a feeling of scarcity in the air, and as Steve left Cristin to head south a chipping green Crossbill appeared from the south and landed initially in the damson bushes south of the Helgoland trap and then moved up into the Sitkas before chipping off northward a few moments later. The farm and Pen Cristin were almost as unproductive as Cristin garden, though many of the resident birds were showing well in the early morning light. A scattering of auks, Shags and gulls were off the east side, and a few Puffins were seen from Pen Cristin. This parrot-billed auk is now evident all along the east side as the colony is continuing to increase.

The area around Traeth Fynnon produced a couple of Stonechats (with the day's total reaching 13 across the island) and a Dunnock, and then a Grey Wagtail flew north between there and the Boathouse - the last of spring or the first of autumn?

Shortly afterwards 86 of the days total of 112 Oystercatchers began to go crazy and in a ball head skywards alerting Steve to a large long-winged flappy raptor heading lazily north over the bay. Its forked reddish tail and fingered wings making identification as a Red Kite very simple. It was a very tatty looking beast, but still very nice to see. It landed briefly on a fence near Pen Cristin before heading around the east side, gaining quite a bit of height and then disappearing off across the sound to the mainland.

Red Kite and its Oystercatcher escort!

The afternoon was nice and warm and when the sun came out it felt like summer again. The wind had calmed down and it mad it a great opportunity to search the ponds in the lowlands for dragon and damselflies. After the first Blue-tailed Damsels and the year's fort Emperor had been seen a few days ago hopes were high. After 20 minutes at Pwll Cain, two blue tails were seen, and then another 20 minutes at the smaller ponds near Cristin With, a further ten Blue-tails were found, but alas no larger dragons! Heading through the fantastic flowery meadows full of Orchids, two more blue-tails were found along with the year's first Common Blue Damselfly - a nice adult male.

Common Blue Damselfly

Marsh Orchid

Other sightings - Six Sedge Warblers, one Whitethroat, two Chiffchaffs, one Blackcap, one Willow Warbler, three Curlews, 350 Manx Shearwaters, nine Collared Doves at Ty Pellaf, nine Wheatears and two Siskins. Late in the day we found that one of the guests staying at Ty Nessaf saw a female Restart in the garden there in the late afternoon.

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Click to see inside!

Edited by Mike Archer, Mark Grantham, Peter Howlett and Steve Stansfield and published by T & AD Poyser, this fabulous book describes how much has changed since the first edition of Bird Observatories in Britain and Ireland was published in 1976. There are detailed accounts of the history and work carried out at each of the 18 observatories, with personal accounts by wardens and staff of the excitement of discovering a rarity, watching thousands of migrants attracted to a lighthouse after dark, and the pleasure and experiences that working at some of the country’s most remote and beautiful locations can bring. Click the picture of the book to see inside or to buy your copy.

Migrants

Being sited on the main migration route of many species, Bardsey (or Ynys Enlli in Welsh) is a well-known site for migrant birds, turning up many scarcities and rarities, as well as large numbers of common migrants. The island’s list now stands on 326, after the recent addition of Citrine Wagtail in October 2012.

Although Bardsey’s reputation for rare birds may not quite match that of some observatories, it is almost certainly the best site in Wales for rarities. Among Bardsey’s rarer visitors are the first Summer Tanager (1957) and Yellow Warbler (1964) to have been recorded in Britain and Ireland, as well as American vagrants such American Bittern, Sora, Kildeer, Spotted Sandpiper, Grey-cheeked Thrush, American Robin, Song Sparrow, Dark-eyed Junco, Red-eyed Vireo, Black-and-white Warbler, Common Yellowthroat, Rose-breasted Grosbeak and Blackpoll Warbler. To add to this impressive list of rarities, Black-winged Stilt, Lesser Yellowlegs, Lanceolated Warbler, River Warbler, Western Orphean Warbler, Booted Warbler, Blyth’s Reed Warbler, Eyebrowed Thrush, Thrush Nightingale, Red-flanked Bluetail, Isabelline Wheatear, Black-eared Wheatear, Collared Flycatcher, Blyth’s Pipit, Pine Bunting, Rock Bunting, Yellow-breasted Bunting and White-throated Sparrow have all been recorded.

Besides the rarities, Bardsey regularly attracts large numbers of weary migrants during 'fall' conditions in Spring and Autumn, largely a consequence of the fully operational Bardsey Lighthouse. In 2011, for example, a single grounding of migrants resulted in over 1000 Willow Warblers making groundfall on the island in August. In the not-so-distant past, a single attraction of 40,000 Redwings occurred in late October at the end of the last century.

Breeding birds

Bardsey is home to some 26, 000 pairs of Manx Shearwaters, which can be heard on dark nights from mid-March to August. They breed in their excavated burrows, which are scattered all over the island. Chough is the most important species of conservation concern, with between four to eight pairs nesting around the coastal cliffs most years, and a wintering flock of up to 50 individuals. A pair of Peregrines breed on the island, and a 1-2 pair of Ravens also nest most years. There are several species which nest only occasionally, such as Sparrowhawk and Little Owl, along with Afro-Palearctic migrants like Sedge Warbler, Blackcap, Chiffchaff and Willow Warbler. Up to ten pairs of Stonechats can nest in the isolated gorse patches around the island, along with many Linnets and Meadow Pipits. Corncrakes were once a common breeder on the island, although since 1970 there have been no confirmed pairs nesting. In recent years the likes of Lapwing, Yellowhammer, House Sparrow and Starling have also all become extinct as breeding species. In contrast, Shelduck, Puffin, Long-eared Owl, Grasshopper Warbler and Goldcrest have been added to the breeding bird list since 1998.

Ringing

Ringing is a very important part of the observatory’s role on the island. Since 1953, the observatory has ringed over 315,00 birds of 198 species. The highest number ringed in a single year was 1988, with a total of 11, 301 birds ringed of 93 species. There have been many days in the observatory’s history when several hundred birds have been ringed in one day; these occasions have mostly involved breeding seabirds, although these numbers can also easily occur with migrant species.

Lepidoptera

A total of 561 species of moths have been recorded on the island. Bardsey is not an overly good location for scarce moths, although the existence of Thrift Clearwings (Nationally scarce) has been established on the Thrift plants around the coast in recent years, after first being recorded in the years 1980 and 1996. Migrant moths arrive in small numbers every year, for example the annual arrival of Hummingbird Hawkmoths in the autumn; rarer immigrants in the past have included Death’s Head Hawkmoths, Vestals, Crimson Speckled and Red-necked Footman.

In recent years, a greater emphasis has been placed on recording and identifying the so-called ‘micro-moths’, which has resulted in the finding of 41 new species for Bardsey since 2011. In 2012, the coastal subspecies of Eana penziana (E.p.colquhounana) was re-found on the island, which was the first time that this Nationally Scarce species had been recorded on Bardsey since 1966. Apotomis semifasciana is also amongst the scarcer species of micro-moths to inhibit the island (also Nationally Scarce).

Butterflies are present on the island in small numbers, with species such as Common Blue, Small Copper and Small Tortoise-shell being the most common. A scarcer breeding species is the Grayling, which can be found in small numbers on the top of the mountain. Migrant butterflies such as Painted Lady can arrive in their hundreds, although other migrants such as Clouded Yellow and Dark-green Fritillary are quite rare.

Bardsey's Wildlife

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Sunday 20 June 2021

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